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SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS
Exercise 1: Complete the second sentence so that it expresses the same meaning as the original one.
1. I started working for the company a year ago.
I have been …………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. It is one hundred years since the birth of D.H Lawrence, the famous novelist.
D.H Lawrence ……………………………..…………………………………………………………………
3. How long have Catherine and Henry been engaged?
When…………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
4. I last saw him when I was a student.
I haven’t……………………………………………….………………………………………………………
5. It is ages since Alan visited his parents.
Alan hasn’t…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………
6. We will not see each other again before I go.
This will be the last time …………………………….......................................................................................
7. The train left before he got to the station.
By the time ……………………………............................................................................................................
8. The school was founded ten years ago.
It is ten years……. ………………...................................................................................................................
9. She hadn’t had a relapse for six months.
It was .................................................................................................................................................................
10. I haven’t forgone a meal for two years.
The last time .....................................................................................................................................................
11 No-one has challenged his authority before.
This is the first time ……………………………...............................................................................................
12. I was surprised at how easy he was to talk to.
I hadn’t expected ................................................................................................................................................
13. It’s almost nine months since I stopped subscribing to that magazine.
I cancelled ………………………………...........................................................................................................
14. My decision to get up and dance coincided with the band’s decision to stop playing.
When ...................................................................................................................................................................
15. After seeing the film for himself, my father has stopped criticising it.
Since ....................................................................................................................................................................
16. John hasn’t done any revision since spring term.
The last time ........................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 2: Complete the second sentence, using the word given at the end of the first sentence so that it remains the same meaning as the first one.
1. She hasn’t decided what career to follow yet. STILL
She _________________________________________________________________ what career to follow.
2. They haven’t talked to each other for two years. SINCE
It’s ________________________________________________________________________ to each other.
3. She has never heard such a ridiculous lie. MOST
It’s the _______________________________________________________________________ever heard.
4. How long is it since he quit school? AGO
How long _______________________________________________________________________ school?
5. She started writing novels four years ago. BEEN
She __________________________________________________________________________ four years.
6. They have never been to a Chinese restaurant before. FIRST
It’s the _____________________________________________________________ to a Chinese restaurant.
7. She hasn’t been out for months. TIME
The last ______________________________________________________________________ months ago.
8. How long is it since you found that job? AGO
How __________________________________________________________________________ that job?
9. She took up stamp collecting ten years ago. BEEN
She ___________________________________________________________________________ ten years.
10. The guests didn’t start dancing until the newly weds had arrived. BEFORE
The guests waited until the newly weds________________________________________________ dancing.
11. The teacher meant to give us a quiz but she forgot it. GOING
The teacher __________________________________________________________ a quiz but she forgot it.
12. My mother always read bedtime stories to me when I was little. READ
My mother ________________________________________________________ to me when I was young.
13. My brother always told lies when he was little. USED TO
My brother______________________________________________________________ when he was little.
14. She didn’t wake up early, but now she does. USED
She ______________________________________________________________________________ early.
15. I don’t think I’ll ever find it easy to accept insults. USED
I don’t think I’ll ever _______________________________________________________________ insults.
16. She rarely wears jeans. USED
She ______________________________________________________________________________ jeans.
17. He hasn’t been to school for four days. ABSENT
He __________________________________________________________________ school for four days.
18. She keeps interrupting every conversation I have. BREAKING
She ______________________________________________________________ every conversation I have.
19. Most boys are good at math. BRILLIANT
Most boys _________________________________________________________________________ math.
20. Mini skirts are fashionable this year. ARE
Mini skirts _____________________________________________________________________ this year.
21. I know that blonde little girl. ACQUAINTED
I ___________________________________________________________________ that blonde little girl.

Exercise 3: Reported Speech.
1. “Why didn’t I get a computer before? “ thought the office manager.
The office manager wondered………………………………….………………………………………………
2. “ You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said William.
William accused…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
3. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Magaret.
Magaret accused ……………………………..…………………………………………………………………
4. “You’d better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,” said John.
John advised………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
5. Helen wanted to know the name of Shirley’s hairdresser’s.
Helen said, “Shirley, where…………………………….……………………………………………………?”
6. Why don’t you meet to discuss the pay offer?
I suggest you …………………………………………………..………………………………………………
7. “How old is your little boy?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley.
The nurse asked Mrs Bingley…………………………..………………………………………………………
8. “ Never borrow money from friends” my father said.
My father told me………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “Where is the station car-park?” Mrs Smith asked
Mrs. Smith asked……………………………………………….………………………………………………
10. “You’d better go to the doctor if you’ve got a pain in your back, Anna,” Henray said.
Henry suggested……………………………..…………………………………………………………………
11. You have done really well to pass your driving test so quickly.
She congratulated ...............................................................................................................................................
12. ‘I’m sorry I didn’t ring you to say I’d be late.’
He apologised .....................................................................................................................................................
13. ‘I never told anyone about your scheme,’ he said.
He denied ...........................................................................................................................................................
14. ‘If Brian doesn’t train harder, I won’t select him for the team.’ said the
manager.
The manager threatened ......................................................................................................................................
15. The doctor advised me to rest.
The doctor suggested ..........................................................................................................................................
16. He told me my request was unreasonable.
He said, “You can hardly ...................................................................................................................................
17. He warned them against using the mountain road.
“I wouldn’t ..........................................................................................................................................................
18. “I admit that I forgot to turn on the alarm system,” said Robert.
Robert confessed to ……………………………….............................................................................................

Exercise 4: Conditional Sentences.
1. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If Susan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Maria did not apply for the job in the library and regrets now.
Maria wishes…………………………………..………………………………………………………………
3. Without his treatment, the patient would have died.
If he ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice.
I wish………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………
5. The accident happed because the train driver ignored a warning light.
If the train driver…………………………………………..……………………………………………………
6. We got lost because we did not have a map.
If we……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
7. He was sorry he had not said goodbye to her at the airport.
He regretted……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mrs. Taylor does not like living in such a small house.
Mrs. Taylor wishes………………………………………….…………………………………………………
9. Mr. Mills lost his job because he was late every day.
If Mr. Mills…………………………………………………………….………………………………………
10. In the unlikely event of a fire, please do not use the lift.
Should ................................................................................................................................................................
11. It was his own fault that he lost the job. He was late for work every morning.
If ........................................................................................................................................................................
12. If you should get caught doing this. You will go to prison.
Were ..................................................................................................................................................................
13. If we don’t hear from you within seven days, the order will be cancelled.
Unless ...............................................................................................................................................................
14. If you didn’t contribute generously, we couldn’t continue our work.
But for ................................................................................................................................................................
15. All that stood between John and a gold medal was Jim’s greater speed.
But for ................................................................................................................................................................
16. The students regretted that they had missed the lecture.
The students regretted not .................................................................................................................................
17. If you missed the programme you can’t really judge.
Unless ................................................................................................................................................................
18. Robert is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job.
Robert now wishes ............................................................................................................................................
19. Experts think that all dogs evolved from wolves.
All dogs are .....................................................................................................................................................
20. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early.
But for his ..........................................................................................................................................................
21. She is now leading a normal life as a result of all the support she received from social workers.
If she ..................................................................................................................................................................
22. If I have plenty of warning, I’ll willingly baby-sit for you.
Provided you .....................................................................................................................................................
23. I was exasperated when the appointment was cancelled once again.
Imagine ..............................................................................................................................................................
24. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
Had it not ..........................................................................................................................................................
25. If Cathy hadn’t been so mean, we’d have had a really good time.
But .....................................................................................................................................................................
26. I can’t imagine myself ever singing in public.
I would .............................................................................................................................................................
27. I wish I’d paid more attention to his warnings.
I regret ................................................................................................................................................................
28. It is a shame he had to leave before the end of the show.
I wish ..................................................................................................................................................................
29. Your car might break down on the rough mountain road, so take plenty of spare parts.
In case…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………

Exercise 5: Passive Voice or active voice
Complete the second sentence so that it stays the same meaning as the first one.
1. My suit needs to be cleaned before the interview.
I must……………………………………………….…………………………………………………………
2. He is said to have been in the French Foreign Legion.
People………………………………………………………………….………………………………………
3. The keepers feed the lions at 3p.m every day.
The lions………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Turn off all the switches before leaving the workshop.
All the switches must……………………………………………..……………………………………………
5. The police made the youth empty his pockets.
The youth…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
6. People say that the president wanted to be a film star.
The president is .................................................................................................................................................
7. It’s impossible for them to have found him in that jungle.
He ......................................................................................................................................................................
8. The thinking is that he has been targeted to succeed the president.
He is ..................................................................................................................................................................
9. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do.
We ....................................................................................................................................................................
10. Nothing was done about it.
Nobody ............................................................................................................................................................
11. We couldn’t make the machine work.
The machine .....................................................................................................................................................
12. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
The house .........................................................................................................................................................
13. It is said that he escaped to a neutral country.
He ......................................................................................................................................................................
14. Oil was slowly coating the edge of the shore.
The edge of the shore ........................................................................................................................................
15. If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home.
Get ......................................................................................................................................................................
16. Their teacher is making them study hard.
They are ............................................................................................................................................................
17. The brochure gives hardly any useful information.
Precious .............................................................................................................................................................
18. The government shouldn’t let this situation get worse.
This state ...........................................................................................................................................................
19. The completion of the work was scheduled for last week.
The work was to ...............................................................................................................................................
21. Most newsagents these days have ice-cream available all summer.
Ice-cream can .....................................................................................................................................................
22. I took my car to the garage last Saturday and they resprayed it.
I had ...................................................................................................................................................................
23. The collision didn’t damage my car much.
Not a great ........................................................................................................................................................
24. The critics were very impressed by her performance.
Her performance made ......................................................................................................................................
25. I have frequently made stupid mistakes like that.
Many’s ..............................................................................................................................................................
26. The manager wrote a long ungrammatical report.
The report ............................................................................................................................................................
27. Edward eventually organised himself and started work.
Edward eventually got his ………………………………..................................................................................
28. The government have been reviewing their immigration policy for some time.
The government’s ..............................................................................................................................................
29. A new flu vaccine has been on trial since the beginning of the year.
They ....................................................................................................................................................................
30. His behaviour is beginning to annoy me more and more.
I am beggining to ................................................................................................................................................
31. It is impossible to accept your explanation without a thorough investigation.
Your explanation .............................................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 6: It is + adj ….
1. Roses can’t possibly grow in such poor ground.
It is impossible………………………………………………..………………………………………………
2. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
It is difficult……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. It is pointless to have that old typewrites repaired.
That old typewriter is not…………………………………..…………………………………………………
4. It is hardly likely that he took poison.
He is ...................................................................................................................................................................
5. It’s difficult to answer her question adequately.
Hers is ..............................................................................................................................................................
6. If we wait long enough we’ll get what we want.
It’s just .............................................................................................................................................................
7. Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth.
It was something ...............................................................................................................................................
8. Didn’t you realise that he was only pretending?
Didn’t it ...........................................................................................................................................................?
9. They’ll soon find out what she’s been doing.
It won’t .............................................................................................................................................................
10. Mr. Foster asked me to write this letter to you.
It is at ................................................................................................................................................................
11. This device has the capacity to detect potential engine failure.
It .........................................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 7: Clauses
1. This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping.
This is………………………………………………………………….………………………………………
2. The bread is so steal we can’t eat it.
The bread is not………………………………………..………………………………………………………
3. Although he didn’t speak Dutch, Bob decided to settle in Amsterdam.
In spite …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs seven miles before breakfast.
Although………………………………………………………...………………………………………………
5. The bridge was so low the bus couldn’t do under it.
It was…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
6. That was a silly thing to say!
What………………………………………………………………………………….………………………
7. I admit he’s clever, but I don’t think he’ll solve this problem.
However ...........................................................................................................................................................
8. He managed to complete the sculpture although his eyesight was failing.
Despite ..............................................................................................................................................................
9. Although it rained torrentially all day, we all enjoyed the excursion.
Despite ................................................................................................................................................................
10. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted.
Friendly .............................................................................................................................................................
11. Although he was very tired, he agreed to play tennis.
Tired ...................................................................................................................................................................
12. My slow progress was due to bad teaching.
As a result ..........................................................................................................................................................
13. One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race.
One runner was so ............................................................................................................................................
14. Melissa’s father was very busy, but he still played with her.
Busy ...................................................................................................................................................................
15. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.
Although rain .....................................................................................................................................................
16. Provided your handwriting is legible the examiner will accept your answer.
So long as the examiner ......................................................................................................................................
17. You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out.
No matter ..........................................................................................................................................................
18. Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports.
Despite her .........................................................................................................................................................
19. Their dog was so fierced that nobody would visit them.
They had .........................................................................................................................................................
20. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
Much ...................................................................................................................................................................
21. The house was so badly damaged in the fire that it couldn’t be repaired.
The house was too ............................................................................................................................................
22. Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
Despite his ........................................................................................................................................................
23. No matter how hard I tried I couldn’t open the door.
Try ......................................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 8: Inversion
1. If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately.
Only by ............................................................................................................................................................
2. This is the first time that I have seen an eclipse of the sun.
Never ................................................................................................................................................................
3. The manager is not to be disturbed.
On no account ..................................................................................................................................................
4. I write to him almost everyday.
Hardly .............................................................................................................................................................
5. I only recognised him when he came into the light.
Not until ...........................................................................................................................................................
6. There aren’t many other books which explain this problem so well.
In few other books .............................................................................................................................................
7. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement.
At no time ..........................................................................................................................................................
8. The truth only came out on the publication of the general’s personal diaries.
Only when ........................................................................................................................................................
9. He insisted on a full apology.
Nothing but .......................................................................................................................................................
10. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
Only after a .......................................................................................................................................................
11. It was only when I left home that I realised how much my father meant to me.
Not until ............................................................................................................................................................
12. I didn’t realise who he was until later.
Only later ..........................................................................................................................................................
13. Nobody expected her to lose, but she did.
Against ..............................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 9: Comparision
1. No situation is more depressing than being unemployed.
Being ................................................................................................................................................................
2. We should spend as little money as possible.
The less .............................................................................................................................................................
3. Nobody in the world can run as fast as Fleetfoot.
Fleetfoot ..........................................................................................................................................................
4. It was more of an argument than a discussion.
It was not so .....................................................................................................................................................
5. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before.
These pictures ....................................................................................................................................................
6. He is more a lecturer than a teacher.
He is not so ........................................................................................................................................................
7. Customs officials are stopping more travellers than usual this week.
An increased ......................................................................................................................................................
8. She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.
She is a ...............................................................................................................................................................
9. Skyscrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world.
The average .........................................................................................................................................................
10. That dress has only the slightest mark on it.
I can barely ........................................................................................................................................................
11. They were just as good as we had expected.
They certainly lived ...........................................................................................................................................
12. As he grew older, he became more and more forgetful.
The ....................................................................................................................................................................
13. If anyone succeeds in solving the problem, it will probably be him.
He is the most ....................................................................................................................................................
14. As I listened to the music on repeated occasions, my request for the composer increased.
The more ..........................................................................................................................................................