ôn thi 12 phần 1

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP TN THPT

A. PRONUNCIATION
I.Pronunciation:
1. Consonants: / p, b, t, d, k, g, dz, r, j, m, n, f, l, v, h, w, s, z,/
2. vowels: / i, e, a, o, u, /
3. Notes:  Caùch ñoïc nhöõng aâm taän cuøng laø / s, es /
a. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: s, x, ch, sh, ge, ce ……  / iz / : washes, loses, kisses………
b. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: m, d, r, n, l, v, b, g … vaø nguyeân aâm  / z / : knows, sings,….
c. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: p, k, t  / s / : sits, stops, looks …….
 Caùch ñoïc nhöõng aâm taän cuøng laø / ed /
a. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: t,d  / id / : ended, started …….
b. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: m, r, n, l, v, b, g, z … vaø nguyeân aâm  / d / : robbed, clothed, …
c. Ñoái vôùi töø taän cuøng laø: p, k, f, ss, x, ch, sh ………..  / t /: stopped, passed, finished …….
 Exercises: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other words
1. A. university B. student C. volunteer D. museum
2. A. game B. organize C. angry D. college
3. A. win B. wine C. wrong D. wet
4. A. read B. teach C. please D. break
5. A. hour B. honest C. vehicle D. happy
6. A. blood B. food C. childhood D. understood
7. A. music B. city C. send D. said
8. A. church B. child C. chemistry D. cheese
9. A. sword B. wear C. wet D. swamp
10. A. surgery B. curtain C. cure D. curdle
11. A. heal B. head C. seal D. lean
12. A. here B. there C. cheer D. sphere
13. A. who B. when C. what D. why
14. A. off B. of C. first D. fan
15. A. corn B. price C. piece D. concept
16. A. well B. week C. two D. forward
17. A. ear B. hear C. near D. heart
18. A. satellite B. light C. might D. lit
19. A. laser B. cancer C. attack D. scalpel
20. A. energy B. gift C. biology D. agency
21. A. meat B. accept C. ending D. weather
22. A. poison B. reason C. laser D. sack
23. A. nitric B. oxide C. timber D. tiny
24. A. summer B. since C. sure D. sound










25. A. vapor B. famous C. waste D. plastic
26. A. erosion B. smog C. disposal D. process
27. A. washed B. matched C. indented D. walked
28. A. repaired B. watched C. finished D. taped
29. A. left – handed B. looked C. stopped D. liked
30. A. plays B. gets C. swims D. cleans
31. A. shakes b. washes C. steps D. meets
32. A. pleasant B. pens C. books D. opens
33. A. stops B. calculates C. laughs D. occasion
34. A. than B. theatre C. theory D. thorough
35. A. consumption B. production C. industrial D. industry
36. A. little B. possible C. edible D. terrible
37. A. habitat B. rapid C. informant D. manage
38. A. quay B. technique C. key D. queen
39. A. company B. companion C. apprentice D. extra
40. A. respect B. estimate C. guess D. access
41. A. accustomed B. accurate C. accompany D. success
42. A. plough B. rough C. tough D. enough
43. A. wild B. wide C. white D. bewilder
44. A. possibly B. psychology C. special D. program
45. A. situation B. aspiration C. statue D. lecture
46. A. drive B. bike C. idea D. winning
47. A. supply B. reply C. why D. rhythm
48. A. possession B. address C. guess D. mess
49. A. coming B. ocean C. contrary D. obstacles
50. A. toothache B. therefore C. thrill D. author
II.Stress:
1. Daáu nhaán trong töø coù 2 aâm tieát thöôøng naèm ôû: + vaàn thöù 2 ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø.
+ vaàn thöù 1 ñoái vôùi danh töø hoaëc tính töø.
 Notes: Ñoái vôùi nhöõng töø taän cuøng laø ñuoâi: en, er, on ……… vaø moät soá töø khoâng naèm trong quy luaät naøy neân caùch phaùt aâm nhöõng töø naøy phaûi döïa vaøo töø ñieån ñeå phaùt aâm cho chính xaùc.
2. Daáu nhaán trong töø coù hôn 2 aâm tieát thöôøng ñöôïc phaùt aâm döïa treân nhöõng quy luaät sau:
a. Daáu nhaán thöôøng naèm ôû vaàn tröôùc ion, ial, ical, ity, itive, itant, ic(s), ous, ual .. : mathematical, magic ..
b. Ñoái vôùi nhöõng töø taän cuøng laø: fy, ate, ize…. Daáu nhaán seõ naèm ôû vaàn thöù 3 ñeám töø döôùi leân : delicate …
c. Daáu nhaán thöôøng naèm ôû chính nhöõng vaàn oon, ese, ee, oo ……. : bamboo, afternoon …………
d. Danh töø keùp coù daáu nhaán naèm ôû danh töø ñöùng tröôùc : bookshop, welfare ………..
* Exercises:
A. Choose the word that the stress is on the first syllable:
1. A. company B. protect C. situation D. possession
2. A. volcanic B. welfare C. retain D. organic
3. A. legal B. convention C. cosmetic D. absorb
4. A. discover B. scientific C. horrible D. develop
5. A. American B. intelligent C. impossible D. comfortable
6. A. forbid B. fearsome C. inject D. involve
7. A. discard B. disposal C. especially D. element
8. A. investigate B. irrigate C. intensity D. nonsmoker
9. A. alone B. customer C. conceal D. conflict
10. A. apprentice B. attendance C. basic D. caress
B. Choose the word that the stress is on the second syllable:
1. A. sulphur B. sulphuric C. undergrowth D. tissue
2. A. solidify B. section C. scalpel D. process
3. A. independent B. whether C. open D. together
4. A. sugar B. double C. enough D. argue
5. A. special B. medicine C. language D. experience
6. A. gallery B. everyone C. reservation D. guitarist
7. A. police B. government C. modern D. consequent
8. A. safeguarding B. resources C. sanguine D. property
9. A. part – time B. obstacle C. mineral D. outnumber
10. A. element B. erosion C. gesture D. foreign
C. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group:
1. A. private B. property C. approach D. foreign
2. A. outnumber B. continent C. scholarship D. illustrate
3. A. nation B. possess C. themselves D. provide
4. A. different B. instruction C. anything D. singular
5. A. meaning B. business C. recognize D. prediction
6. A. example B. following C. homonym D. difficulty
7. A. understand B. overcome C. disappoint D. apparent
8. A. maintain B. reclaim C. enjoy D. concert
9. A. suggestion B. cigarette C. environment D. protection
10. A. necessary B. continue C. irrigate D. different
11. A. against B. believe C. drainage D. enrich
12. A. element B. fertilizer C. quantity D. erosion
13. A. American B. represent C. discover D. adventure
14. A. experience B. communicate C. frightening D. inherit
15. A. disappoint B. ancestry C. comfortable D. heavily
16. A. repeat B. between C. caress D. welfare
17. A. military B. committee C. intimacy D. surgery
18. A. before B. arrive C. imply D. countless
19. A. incredible B. humidity C. necessity D. definition
20. A. begin B. mountain C. kingdom D. passage
21. A. dinosaur B. calendar C. eternal D. history
22. A. document B. develop C. opponent D. astonish
23. A. definition B. production C. situation D. politician
24. A. photography B. qualification C. occasion D. Canadian
25. A. ancient B. edible C. visual D. delicious
26. A. personal B. entry C. personnel D. sample
27. A. accordance B. understand C. acupuncture D. incomplete
28. A. appropriate B. emotion C. pronounce D. situation
29. A. cultivate B. machine C. terminate D. operate
30. A. prediction B. judgment C. intelligent D. compulsion
31. A. unlucky B. displeased C. courage D. encourage
32. A. combination B. illustration C. comprehension D. origin
33. A. follow B. apology C. experience D. direct
34. A. explain B. obtain C. promise D. suspect
35. A. national B. complain C. alone D. accept
36. A. community B. peninsula C. participant D. concentration
37. A. accuracy B. individual C. recreation D. independence
38. A. accident B. direction C. factory D. hospital
39. A. beginner B. encounter C. disappear D. remember
40. A. ambulance B. another C. government D. institute
B. VOCABULARY
I.Expression of quantity:
1. SOME: Duøng trong caâu khaúng ñònh, lôøi môøi, lôøi ñeà nghò, tröôùc danh töø ñeám ñöôïc vaø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc.
2. ANY: Duøng trong caâu phuû ñònh hoaëc nghi vaán.
3. MUCH – MANY – A LOT OF/ LOTS OF – A GREAT DEAL OF – A LARGE NUMBER OF…….
With countable nouns With uncountable nouns
many
a large / great number of
plenty of
a lot of / lots of
few / a few much
a large amount of / a great deal of
plenty of
a lot of / lots of
little / a little

 Notes:
 few – little: ( ít, khoâng nhieàu ), thöôøng mang nghóa phuû ñònh vaø chæ moät soá löôïng raát ít.
 a few – a little: ( moät vaøi, moät ít ), thöôøng mang nghóa khaúng ñònh vaø chæ moät soá löôïng nhoû
 A large number of vaø A great deal of ñöôïc duøng trong caâu khaúng ñònh.
Eg: A large number of students have part time jobs nowadays.
 Much/ Many ñöôïc duøng trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø nghi vaán, caâu khaúng ñònh coù so, such, too, as..
 Only a few = few, Only a little = little
4. ALL – MOST – SOME – NO……….
 all , most, some, no + ( adjective ) + plural noun / uncountable noun
 all of, most of, some of, none of + determiners ( a, an, the, my, his, this, that…… ) + noun + pronouns ( them , us……. )
Eg: Most of her friends live abroad. All children are fond of candy.
 Exercise: Choose the best answer ( A,B,C or D )
1. When we were on holiday, we spend too -------------- money.
A. a lot of B. many C. much D. lots of
2. We couldn’t buy anything because -------------- of the shops were open.
A. all B. half C. most D. none
3. I think that -------------- lemon juice on fish makes it taste better.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
4. -------------- don’t visit this part of the town.
A. The most tourists B. Most of tourists C. Most tourists D. Most the tourists
5. -------------- has left a bicycle outside.
A. Anyone B. Anything C. Someone D. Something
6. -------------- cups of coffee have you taken?
A. How many B. How much C. How D. How far
7. There’s -------------- use in complaining. They probably won’t do anything about it.
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
8. It is boring here. -------------- ever happens in this place.
A. Anything B. Something C. Things D. Nothing
9. I spend -------------- my spare time gardening.
A. most B. the most of C. most of D. most of the
10. The village is very small. There are -------------- houses.
A. a few B. only a few C. some D. only a little
11. All the guests were dancing. -------------- having the good time.
A. All were B. Every was C. Everyone was D. Someone were
12. We tried a lot of hotel but -------------- of them had any rooms.
A. some B. most C. any D. none
13. Bill is very lazy. He never does -------------- work.
A. some B. any C. no D. few
14. Mason owns a chain of supermarket. He’s made -------------- money.
A. a lot of B. many C. much D. a great number of
15. He can speak -------------- English, so it is not difficult to communicate with him.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
16. Her employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes -------------- mistakes in her work.
A. a few B. little C. very few D. some
17. I don’t want to buy any of these books. I have got --------------.
A. all B. all them C. everything D. them all
18. The shop is very quiet. There are -------------- customers have come in.
A. a few B. a little C. only a few D. only a little
19. -------------- paintings have been sold.
A. A large number of B. a great deal of C. much of D. many of
20. The tickets cost --------------, so we can’t afford them.
A. too much B. too many C. so much D. so many
II.Prepositions and Phrasal verbs
PREPOSITIONS
[A]GIỚI TỪ THEO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ: V + pre

1. Apologise to sb for sth
2. apply for
3. Believe in
4. Belong to
5. Complain to sb about
6. Concentrate on
7. Consist of
8. Depend on
5. Die of
6. Dream about/of
7. Happen to
8. Laugh / smile at
9. Listen to
10. Live on
11. Look at / after/ for/ up
12. Get married to
13. Pay for
14. Rely on
15. Speak/talk to sb about sth
16. Suffer from
17. Think about / of
18. Thank sb for
19. Take care of
20. Wait for 21. Write to sb
22. Warn sb about/against
23. Accuse sb of
24. Ask sb for sth
25. Blame sb on
26. Borrow sth from sb
27. Charge sb with: buoäc toäi
28. Congratulate sb on sth
29. Divide/ cut / split sth into 30. Explain sth to sb
31. Leave a place for
32. Prefer sth to sth
33. Protect sb,sth from
34. Provide sb with sth
35. Regard sb, sth as
36. remind sb of
37. Spend sth on
38. Translate …into

[B]: GIỚI TỪ THEO SAU TÍNH TỪ: Adj + Pre: It’s + Adj + OF + sb + to do sth

TO FOR OF WITH
1. acceptable to sb
2. accustomed to sth
3. agreeable to sb
4. contrary to sth
5. harmful to sb
6. likely to do sth
7. important to
8. kind to sb
9. lucky to do sth
10. open to
11 pleasant to
12 rude to sb
13. similar to
14. useful to 1. available for th / to sb
2. good/ bad for
3. difficult for
4. helpful for
5. famous for
6. late for
7. necessary for
8. perfect fo sth
9. sorry for sb/ doing sth
Suitable for
10. useful for

1. ashamed of sb
2. afraid of
3. ahead of
4. aware of
5. capable of
6. confident of sth
7. doubtful of
8. full of
9. hopeful of
10. independent of
11. proud of
12. tired of (chan) 1. acquainted with
2. angry with
3. bored with
4. busy with
5. crowded with
6. friendly with
7. familiar with sth / to sb
8. popular with
9. fed up with
10. pleaded with
11. disappointed with

AT FROM ABOUT IN / ON
1. clever/ good/ bad/ quick at
2. surprised /astonished/ shocked at
3. present at 1. absent from
2. different from
3. far from
4. safe from
5. safe from
6. divorced from
7. tired from (met) 1. anxious about
2. confused about
3. worried about
4. sad/ happy aboout
5. serious about
6. sorry about ath 1. interedted in 2.keen on
3. rich in 4.dependent on
5. confident in sb of sth
6. successful in


[C] GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN, NƠI CHỐN: Prepositions for Place and Time:
AT IN ON
Place Time Place Time Place Time
At home
At work
At school

At the seaside
At the corner of
At the top/ bottom
At the beginning
At the end
At the airport/ station
At the age of At 5 o’clock
At night
At Christmas

At last
At once
At weekends
At present
At the moment In (ôû trong caùi coù giôùi haïn)
In the street

In bed
In prison In June
In spring
In 2009

In the morning
In time (ñuùng giôø –sôùm hôn)
In this week On (ôû treân moät maët phaúng)
On TV/ radio

On the beach
On foot
On horseback
On a bus
On the board On Sunday
On June7th, 2009

On time (ñuùng giôø ñaõ heïn tröôùc)
By: trong caâu bò ñoäng
By + phöông tieän g.thoâng
By the time
By chance: tình côø
Learn By heart WITH
I agree with you In my opinion
In English
In the middle of
In good weather Under: beân döôùi
Under: thaáp hôn Into : vaøo beân trong
Into: thay ñoåi
Into: choáng laïi
(Ex: crash into a fence)
 Exercises : Choose the best answer
1. Attending all the lectures is important -------------- us.
A. for B. to C. at D. on
2. Smoking is -------------- to your health.
A. good B. serious C. accustomed D. harmful
3. I am sorry -------------- the noise last night. We were having a party.
A. in B. at C. about D. with
4. I am sure you are capable -------------- guiding the tourists.
A. of B. on C. for D. about
5. It’s very kind -------------- him to do it for us.
A. about B. of C. to D. with
6. He is very keen -------------- English, but he is not good -------------- listening.
A. at/ on B. on/ at C. at/ at D. to/ of
7. Your hairstyle is quite similar -------------- me.
A. of B. to C. from D. with
8. Hurry up or you will be late -------------- school.
A. on B. in C. to D. for
9. What he said was contrary -------------- common sense.
A. for B. about C. of D. to
10. I don’t think he was present -------------- the meeting yesterday.
A. about B. in C. at D. on
11. Are you serious -------------- learning to be an architect?
A. for B. about C. with D. at
12. She has become very famous -------------- her novels.
A. for B. about C. on D. in
13. What is the difference -------------- a boat and a ship?
A. between B. from C. under D. with
14. We are all bored -------------- this game.
A. about B. at C. for D. with
15. The cameras prevent motorists -------------- speed.
A. by B. from C. for D with
16. A great number of people are involved -------------- the use of English.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
17. English is used -------------- an access to world scholarship and world trade.
A. to B. for C. like D. as
18. There were a power failure and all the lights went --------------.
A. up B. out C. after D. along
19. The police went -------------- the burglars.
A. after B. over C. down D. up
20. We are going -------------- a few days for the holidays.
A. away B. up C. on D. out
21. The dog wants to go -------------- towards the fire.
A. away B. back C. after D. along
22. The prize of petrol is going -------------- because the cost of the exploitation is too high.
A. down B. up C. along D. on
23. Go -------------- your work carefully before you hand it in.
A. over B. up C. back D. into
24. As time goes -------------- my memory seems to get worse.
A. down B. by C. out D. away
25. You should try to study hard to -------------- your classmates.
A. make fun of B. keep pace with C. lose track of D. pay attention to
26. The man whom you -------------- on the bus yesterday is my father.
A. took notice of B. made fuss over C. put a stop to D. made room for
27. He was very angry because they -------------- him.
A. took account of B. set fire to C. made fun of D. lost touch with
28. The teacher made allowance -------------- his marks because his father was in hospital.
A. up B. for C. to D. of
29. Write your name -------------- the top of the page.
A. in B. at C. to D. with
30. Mozart was born in Salzburg -------------- 1756.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
31. -------------- Saturday night I went to bed -------------- 11 o’clock.
A. At/ on B. In/ at C. On/ at D. At/ to
32. These days everybody is aware -------------- the dangers of smoking.
A. up b. of C. to D. with
33. Many young people want to be independent -------------- their parents nowadays.
A. on B. up C. from D. of
34. Why are two schools so -------------- from each other.
A. similar B. same C. different D. afraid
35. The child is very -------------- at arithmetic.
A. quick B. prefect C. sad D. rich

PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal Verbs Meanings Phrasal Verbs Meanings
1. fill in
2. give up
3. take off
4. wash up
5. break down
6. look up
7. put on
8. turn on
9. turn off
10. turn up = show up
11. look after
12. take after
13. get over
14. call off = hold up
15. try out
16. hold up
17. get on with
18. get up
19. knock down
20. hurry up
21. lie down
22. turn round
23. call on = drop in
24. call up
25. carry on
26. come on ñieàn vaøo
töø boû
côûi (quaàn aùo) , caát caùnh
doïn deïp
hö, hoûng
tra cöùu
maëc vaøo
baät leân
taét ñeøn
arrive : ñeán
take care of :Chaêm soùc
resemble:gioáng nhau
recover from: phuïc hoài
cancel: huûy boû
test: kieåm tra
delay: hoaõn laïi, trì treä
soáng hoøa thuaän vôùi
thuùc ñaåy
phaù huûy
nhanh leân
naèm xuoáng
quay laïi
visit
phone
tieán haønh, thöïc hieän
baét ñaàu
thoâi naøo 27. live on
28. go on
29. go after
30. go ahead

31. go along
32. go away
33. go back
34. go by
35. go down
36. go off
37. go out
38. go over
39. go up
40. go in
41. make up
42. pick up
43. send for
44. set up
45. show up
46. stand for
47. take over
48. look down on
49. look for
50. run out of
51. try on
52. look out = watch out soáng döïa vaøo
continue
chase or pursue sb
be carried out, take place/ begin to do sth
progress, develop
leave a place
return
(time passes)
decrease
explode: noå,(chuoâng) reng
stop burning: Luïi taøn, cuùp
look at sth carefully (oân laïi)
increase
arrive
trang ñieåm
ñoùn ai baèng xe
cho môøi ñeán
thaønh laäp
turn up
thay theá cho,ñaò dieän cho
ñaûm nhaän
xem thöôøng
tìm kieám
empty: caïn kieät, heát saïch
thöû
be careful: cẩn thận.

 Exercise : Find a suitable particle of a phrasal verb to fill in the blank:
1. You look tired. Sit ____ and have a cup of tea.
2. I’m looking for yesterday’s newspaper. Did you throw it _______?
3. Turn ______ the music! It’s too loud!
4. I live in Bristol now, but I grew ______ in Leicester.
5. Come ______! Hurry _____ ! You’ll be late for school.
6. O.K. I’ll pick you _______ at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
7. Don’t worry about the baby. I’ll look ______ her while you are out.
8. John! Wake _____! Can you hear a noise downstairs?
9. I have to stop to fill in my car. The tank runs _____ _____ petrol.
10. I always go _____ all my lessons before the test.
11. There was a power failure and all the lights went _____.
12. We all woke _____ in the middle of the night when the alarm clock suddenly went _____.
13. – Why is Mr Smith so depressed? – His business has gone ______ recently.
14. – How is your brother study going _____? – Fine. He’s made steady progress.
15. Time goes _____ quickly when we are busy, doesn’t it?
16. What a pretty dress! Turn _____ ! Let me look at it from the back.
17. “Can you look ______ this word? I don’t understand it.”
18. “What should I do with this form?” “Fill it _____.”
19. The football match had to be call _____ because of the weather. 20. The story Kate told wasn’t true. She made it ____.
21. I heard a big noise and woke _____ at 2.30 this morning.
22. It’s too dark. I can’t go ____ reading.
23. Hurry ____! The train’s coming.
24. Did you have to fill ____ a form when you applied for the job?
25. Who looks _____ your grandmother when she is ill?
26. I can’t hear the news on TV, please turn the radio _____.
27. I’m bored, could you go _____ with me for a while?
28. Mary put ______ her best clothes for the party.
29. Remember to put ____ your shoes when you come in the house.
30. Would you like to listen _____ some music while waiting?
31. I’m afraid the machine has broken _____.
32. For the sake of your health, you ought to give _____ alcohol.
33. You can hardly live ____ $10 a week.
34. We need to make a decision today at the latest. We can’t hold it ____ any longer.
35. George finally turned _____ nearly an hour late.
36. A bomb went _____ near the station, but no one was injured.
37. There is no need to get angry. Calm _____!
38. My alarm clock went ____ in the middle of the night and woke me _____.
39. Every morning after I get ______, I put ______ my clothes, then I turn _____ my cassette to listen _____music.
40. Oh, what a terrible mess! Please wash it _ after you finish eating.
WORD FORMS and VERB FORMS
I.Word form and word meaning
1. Nouns: Danh töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau:
a. Chuû ngöõ cuûa caâu ( S )
b. Sau tính töø hoaëc tính töø sôû höõu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N )
c. Sau maïo töø: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun )
d. Sau giôùi töø: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with...) hoaëc töø chæ soá löôïng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most…
2. Adjectives: Tính töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau:
a. Tröôùc danh töø, boå nghiaõ cho danh töø
b. Sau ñoäng töø “ to be” hoaëc ñoäng töø “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel ………. )
c. Sau caùc caáu truùc: so…. that, enough…, too…. to, daïng so saùnh ( more, most, less, as.. as. )
3. Adverbs: Traïng töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau:
a. Tröôùc hoaëc sau ñoäng töø thöôøng: ( S - V …. + adv hoaëc S + adv + V …. )
b. Tröôùc tính töø: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … )
c. Ñaàu caâu ( sau daáu phaåy ) hoaëc cuoái caâu.
 Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
A. deaf B. deafen C. deafness D. deafened
2. This country has -------------- climate.
A. continent B. continental C. continence D. continentally
3. She has a -------------- for pink.
A. prefer B. preferential C. preferentially D. preference
4. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
A. widely B. wide C. widen D. width
5. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
A. comfort B. comfortable C. comforted D. comfortably
6. English is the language of --------------.
A. communicative B. communication C. communicate D. communicatively
7. I have to do this job because I have no --------------.
A. choose B. choice C. choosing D. chosen
8. He is not very -------------- of criticism.
A. tolerable B. tolerated C. tolerant D. tolerating
9. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
A. instruct B. instructors C. instructions D. instructive
10. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.
A. disappointment B. disappoint C. disappointed D. disappointedly
11. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------.
A. harm B. harmful C. harmless D. unharmed
12. During his --------------, his family lived in the United States.
A. child B. childhood C. childish D. childlike
13. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
A. interest B. interestedly C. interesting D. interested
14. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
A. prepare B. preparation C. preparing D. prepared
15. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------.
A. convenient B. convenience C. conveniently D. convene
16. She is -------------- in her book.
A. absorbed B. absorbent C. absorptive D. absorb
17. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave.
A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. unsatisfied
18. Although her visit wasn’t --------------, we made her welcome just the same.
A. expect B. expected C. expectation D. expecting
19. He plays the piano -------------- well.
A. tolerate B. tolerable C. tolerably D. tolerance
20. Prices continue to show an upward --------------.
A. tendency B. tend C. tended D. tending
21. They will -------------- this road because its -------------- is too narrow.
A. widen/ widely B. wide/ width C. widen/ width D. width/ widely
22. They did everything possible to -------------- the police force.
A. strengthen B. strengthening C. strength D. strong
23. I spent a ( an ) -------------- night because of my toothache. I am very tired now.
A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep
24. Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be -------------- .
A. satisfying B. dissatisfied C. satisfactory D. unsatisfactory
25. The -------------- of old buildings should be taken into consideration.
A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserves
26. Our education will help with the -------------- of knowledge for the young.
A. enrichment B. enrich C. rich D. richness
27. Getting such a well – paid job is beyond my --------------.
A. expectation B. expected C. expectant D. expecting
28. That is not -------------- true of single parents.
A. necessarily B. necessary C. need D. necessity
29. That is silly. What you are seeing is --------------.
A. reasonably B. reason C. reasonable D. unreasonable
30. Hunting for meat and burning forest for soil -------------- wildlife.
A. conserve B. protect C. destroy D. reclaim
31. This new kind of generator can generate a current of high --------------.
A. potential B. intensity C. preference D. absorbent
32. The children always get -------------- on long journey.
A. harmless B. restless C. motionless D. speechless
33. Most of the rivers flowing through big cities are -------------- with chemical waste factories.
A. polluted B. eroded C. mixed D. flooded
34. It is necessary for the host to make his guests feel comfortable and --------------.
A. relaxed B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relax
35. A laser beam’s -------------- is strong enough to kill cancer cells.
A. intention B. intensity C. intend D. intensive
II.Verb form:
1. V + Verb ( bare ): had better (d’ better), would rather (d’ rather), used to, have to, help (toV/ Vbare), Can/could/may/must/will…,
 make/ let + O + V (Neáu ôû daïng bò ñoäng : Be let/made + to V)
2. V + V-ing: admit, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, look forward, mind, miss, postpone, risk, practice, suggest, give up, finish, can’t bear, can’t help, feel like, be busy, be worth, be used to, get used to, it’s no use/good …
 After prepositions: to, at from, about,……..
3. V + to V: agree, arrange, ask, beg, decide, determine, desire, expect, fail, hope, invite, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem, tell, tend, wish, want, would like, be willing…
 S + V ( be, seem, look, feel,…..) + ADJ + to V
Verb ( want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, advise, ……………. ) + O + to V
4. Caùc tröôøng hôïp ngoaïi leä khaùc:
 Allow/ permit/ recommend/ advise/ admit + O + V-ing
+ O + To V
 Stop + to V : döøng laïi ñeå….
+ V-ing: töø boû (thoùi quen)
 Remember + V-ing: nhôù ñaõ laøm gì (quaù khöù)
+ To V: nhôù seõ laøm gì (hiện tại & töông lai)
 Forget + V-ing: ñaõ queân laøm gì (quaù khöù)
+ To V : Seõ(khoâng) queân laøm gì (töông lai)
 Regret + V-ing: hoái haän vì ñaõ…
+ To V: thoâng baùo moät tin xaáu
 Try + V-ing: thöû laøm gì ñoù
+ To V: coá gaéng laøm gì ñoù
 Need: neáu chuû ngöõ chæ ngöôøi: S + need, require, want + to V
Neáu chuû ngöõ chæ vaät: S + need, require, want + V- ing or to be V(pp)
 Exercises: Choose the best answer
1. Many young people are fond of -------------- football and other kinds of sports.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
2. They couldn’t help -------------- when they heard the little boy singing a love song.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed
3. Your house needs -------------- .
A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate
4. I remember -------------- them to play in my garden.
A. to allow B. allow C. allowing D. allowed
5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid -------------- by the supervisors?
A. to recognize B. to be recognized C. recognizing D. being recognized
6. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather -------------- equally.
A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. treating
7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his elbow.
A. break/ knock B. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knock D. breaking/ knock
8. We found it very difficult -------------- with Gamma.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
9. I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me -------------- sick.
A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling
10. I need -------------- what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me -------------- it?
A. to know/ to read B. know/ read C. to know/ read D. knowing/ read
11. I suggest -------------- some more mathematical puzzles.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
12. We regret -------------- you that we cannot approve your suggestion.
A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed
13. The driver stopped -------------- a coffee because he felt sleepy.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
14. Have you ever considered -------------- a pharmacist?
A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became
15. You had better -------------- at home until you feel better.
A. staying B. stayed C. to stay D. stay
16. I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------.
A. to hear/cutting B. hear/cut C. heard/to cut D. hearing/ cutting
17. Peter sometimes help his sister --------------.
A. do homework B. to do homework C. with homework D. all are correct
18. I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you.
A. staying/going B. to stay/ to go C. stay/go D. stayed/went
19. I would rather you --------------.
A. drive B. to drive C. drove D. driven
20. She didn’t say a word and left the room.
A. She left the room without saying a word B. She leaving the room without saying a word
C. She left the room saying a word D. She left the room to say a word.
21. My father wanted me -------------- a pilot.
A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became
22. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy -------------- something.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. to writing
23. My teacher doesn’t allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked
24. We have plenty of time. We needn’t --------------
A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried
25. I promised -------------- on time. I mustn’t -------------- late.
A. be/be B. to be/to be C. to be/ be D. be/to be
26. Mary and I are looking forward -------------- you.
A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to seeing D. to see
27. I’m sure that he knows -------------- this new machine.
A. to use B. using C. how using D. how to use
28. Psychiatrists and doctors have failed -------------- people not to drink.
A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. told
29. The students are used to -------------- in the school library.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
30. Our room needs -------------- up.
A. tidied B. to tide C. tidy D. tidying
31. Mercury’s low gravity makes you -------------- very light in a spaceship.
A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt
C. GRAMMAR
I.Tenses, transformation of tenses, subject and verb agreement, inversion, tag question:
A. Tenses:

Tenses Affirmative Negative Question Adverbs
1. Simple present S(sing.)+Vs/es
S(pl.)+V0
- to be: am/is/are
- to have: has/ have
S(sing) + doesn’t + V0
S(pl.)+ don’t + V0 Does + S(sing) + V0.?
Do + S (pl) + V0…?
often, always, sometimes, usually, seldom, on Sundays, every (day,week,month,year)..
2. Present continuous
S + am + V-ing
Is
are
S + am + not +V-ing
Is
are
am + S + V-ing?
Is
are
now, at the moment, right now, immediately, at the present, at once..
3. Present perfect
S(sing)+has+V3/ed S(pl.)+have +V3/ed S(sing)+hasn’t+V3/ed
S(pl)+haven’t +V3/ed Has +S(sing)+V3/ed ?
Have +S(pl.)+V3/ed ? never, ever, just, already, recently, lately, so far, up to now, since, for, before, many time, yet, ..
4. Present perfect continuous S + have/
has been + V-ing S+have not been+v-ing
has not Have/ has+S+
been+V-ing?
since, for
5. Simple past S + V2/ ed….
tobe  was/ were
S + did not + Vo…
S + was/ were not .. Did + S + Vo…?
Was/ were + S …? yesterday, ago, last (week, month, year)
6. Past continuous S+was/were +V-ing S+was/were not+V-ing Was/were +S+V-ing..? While / when
7. Past perfect S + had + V3/ed S + had not + V3/ed Had + S + V3/ed ? before, after, by the time (tröôùc luùc),..

8. Past perfect continuous S+ had been +V-ing S+hadn’t been +V-ing Had+S+been +V-ing ?
9. Simple future S + will/ shall + Vo
* I, we, you, they + will + Vo
* I, we + shall + Vo S+ will/shall +not +Vo Will/ Shall + S +Vo? tomorrow, next (week, month…), in the future, …
10. Near future S + am/is/are going to Vo S + am/is/are not going to Vo Am/is/are + S + going to Vo..?
11. Future continuous S + will/ shall be + V-ing S + will/ shall not + be + V-ing Will/ shall + S +be + V-ing? all the morning/ afternoon, ..., at + hour + day ( in future)
12. Future perfect S + will/shall + have + V3/ed S + will/shall +( not + have + V3/ ed Will/shall + S + have + V3/ed…? by…, by the time, by then,…


 The adverbial clauses of time (meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian): Laø meänh ñeà baét ñaàu baèng caùc lieân töø: when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since….
Sequence of tenses in Adverbial clauses of time

Main Clause Adverbial clause Meaning
A/ Present
1. Simple Present (when) Simple Present Customary activity (thoùi quen,
thoâng leä)
2. Simple Present (while) Present Continuous Emphasize the continuous nature of the activity
3. Simple Present ( before) Present Perfect Emphasize the completion of the activity
4. Present Perfect (since) Simple Past
B/ Future Present
1. Simple Future (until/ as soon as/ when..)
Simple Present
2. Simple Future (when/ as soon as / after) Present Perfect Emphasize the completion of the activity
3. Future Perfect (when/ by the time / before) Simple Present
4. Future Continuous (when, at the time)
Simple Present
C/ Past Past
1. Simple Past (whenever / when) Simple Past Customary activity (thoùi quen,
thoâng leä) in the past
2. Past Continuous (when) Simple Past
3. Simple Past (while, when, as) Past Continuous
4. Past Continuous (while) Past Continuous Two or more actions happen at the same time in the past
5. Simple Past (after / when/ as soon as)
Past Perfect
6. Past Perfect (before/ when) Simple Past


Ex: 1. I always take our umbrellas with us when it rains.
2. I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.
3. He never goes home before he has finished his work.
4. I have studied English since I was 10 years old.
5. I will give you this letter when you come tomorrow.
6. We will go as soon as you have finished your work.
7. We’ll have left the schoo by the tim ehe comes back. 8. We’ll be waiting for you at the time you arrive.
9. I sat near the window whenever I took a bus.
10. It was raining hard when I got there.
11. I met him while I was walking down the street.
12. I was watching T.V while my father was reading a newspaper.
13. He left after he had finished his work.
14. The train had left when I arrived at the station.
 Notes :
 Khoâng duøng thì töông lai ( will/shall ) trong meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian.
 Ñoái vôùi lieân töø Since: S + has/have + Ved/3 since S + Ved/2.
 Caû 2 haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra: S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2
S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3
 Sau WHILE/AS thöôøng duøng trong thì tieáp dieãn: while/ as S + was/were + V-ing
 Sau caùc lieân töø maø khoâng coù S ta duøng V-ing: After having finished the exam, I’ll go home.
 Exercises: Choose the best answer
1. I -------------- this film twice. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen
2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions.
A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing D. she will finish
3. His father -------------- of cancer last year. A. will die B. has died C. died D. had died
4. The train -------------- when we got to the station.
A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left D. had just left
5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department.
A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. has telephoned
6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered
7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling
8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times.
A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned
9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew -------------- on the company annual report.
A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works
10. When my parents -------------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time.
A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived
11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been
12. After the race --------------, the celebration began
A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won
13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny
A. came/saw B. is coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen
14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender.
A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered
15. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this --------------.
A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened
16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam.
A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking
17. The baby --------------. Don’t make so much noise.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept
18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day.
A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have
19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday.
A. is B. was C. would be D. had been
20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation.
A. we had B. we have C. we’ll have D. we have had

B Transformation of tenses

1. start / began + to-V / V-ing + time ago  S + have / has + V3 + since / for time /
 S + have / has + been V-ing + since / for + time

2. S + have / has + not + V3 + since / for + time  S + last + V2 + time ago.  It’s + time + since + S + V2.
 The last time + S + V2 + was + time ago

3. S + have / has + never / not + V3 + before  This / It is the first time + S + have / has + V3

4. S + have / has + never / not + V3 + such + (a/an) + Adj + N + before
 This is/It is the first time + S + have / has + V3 + such (a/an) + Adj + N

5. When + did + S + start/ begin + V-ing?  How long + have /has + S + V3?
 How long is /was it + since + S + V2?
 Exercises: Rewrite these sentences
1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago.  She hasn’t
2. I have never met such a famous person before.  It is
3. I last saw him when I was a student.  I haven’t
4. I haven’t come there for two years.  I last
5. I have studied English for seven years.  I started
6. The last time I met him was two weeks ago.  I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I started studying English 6 years ago.  I have ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She has never seen him before.  It is the ………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. I have never heard such a beautiful song before.  This …………………………………………………………………………………………
10. They have not gone on a picnic for many months.  They last ……………………………………………………………………………
11. She started working as a secretary five years ago.  She as…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. I started working for the company a year ago.  I ‘ve Been……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.--> This is the first………………………………………………………………………………………
14. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week.  It’s ……………………………………...………………………………………………………………
15. He lived in Hanoi for ten years. Then he moved to Ho Chi Minh City.
 After …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Exercises: Choose the best answer
1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before.
A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.
B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen.
C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.
D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures.
2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill.
A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill.
C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come.
3. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
A. Mary began to work in this company for five years.
B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago.
C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago.
D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago.
4. I have never eaten this kind of food before.
A. I used to eat this kind of food before. B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food.
C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.
D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.
5. She last saw him years ago.
A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago.
C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him.
6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film.
A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before.
C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time.
7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week.
A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette.
C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette.
8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining.
A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock.
C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock.
9. They had finished their tea and then they left.
A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea.
C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left.
10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago.
A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years.
C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore.
C. Subject and verb agreement
+ Singular SUBJECT + singular VERB
+ Plural SUBJECT + plural VERB
 Notes: a. Singular noun:Laø danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc: butter, water, happiness, work, information..
Laø danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít: book, student, chair, dog, cat…
b. Plural noun: Laø danh töø ñeám döôïc soá nhieàu: books, students, chairs, dogs, cats …
 Caùch thaønh laäp danh töø soá nhieàu:
+ Theâm s: boys, houses, mothers, pens…
+ Theâm es: dishes, churches, boxes, buses…
+ Ñoåi y thaønh i, theâm es: baby _ babies , party _ parties, fly _ flies…
+ Ñoåi f, fe thaønh ves: knife_ knives, wife _ wives, life _ lives…
+ Luoân ôû soá nhieàu: trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses…
+ Ñaëc bieät: man- men, woman-women, foot- feet, child- children, sheep-sheep…
 Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. No news -------------- good news. A. is B. are C. were D. have been
2. Here -------------- some accounts that you must check.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
3. A lot of homework -------------- me tired. A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making
4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons -------------- tea. A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking
5. Mathematics -------------- us with many aspects. A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping
6. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations.
A. consists B. consist C. consisting D. have consisted
7. Coffee contains caffeine, and --------------
A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea D. does tea so
8. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students. A. and B. nor C. or D. with
9. Plenty of milk -------------- consumed everyday. A. are B. is C. was D. were
10. Neither you nor I -------------- responsible for the bad result. A. are B. is C. am D. be
11. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money. A. are B. is C. were D. being
12. Each of us -------------- a book report next week. A. will have B. has C. is having D. have
13. I can not speak Spanish. – --------------
A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I D. Neither can’t I
14. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been
15. Working for 12 hours a day -------------- her very tired.
A. make B. makes C. making D. have made
16. The number of the days in a week -------------- seven.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
17. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been
18. What he told you -------------- to be of no importance.
A. seems B. seem C. is seeming D. has seemed
19. The army -------------- eliminated this section of the training test.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
20. The quality of these recordings -------------- not very good.
A. is B. are C. have D. were
D.Inversion
1. Laø söï ñaûo ngöôïc vò trí giöõa trôï ñoäng töø vaø chuû töø trong caâu đñể nhấn mạnh:
ADVERB + AUXILARY VERB + SUBJECT
2. Moät soá traïng töø vaø traïng ngöõ ñöôïc theo sau bôûi hình thöùc ñaûo ngöõ cuûa ñoäng töø: hardly, never, no sooner…than, not only, not till, not until, nowhere, only, rarely, seldom, scarcely……….
Ex: My father never drinks coffee in the evening.  Never does my father drink coffee in the evening.
She hardly complained about her job.  Hardly did she complain about her job.
I have seldom seen such a remarkable creature.  Seldom have I seen such a remarkable creature.
 Exercises: Rewrite these sentences
1. He hardly studied anything when his parents were away.  Hardly
2. I will never see him again.  Never
3. He no longer lives in this town.  No longer
4. I have never heard such a lie in my life.  Never
5. We had hardly started when it began to rain.  Hardly
 Exercises: Choose the best answer
1. No longer -------------- this typewriter. I’ve just bought a computer.
A. I use B. I do use C. do I use D. I using
2. -------------- out of the house than it began to rain.
A. No sooner I got B. No sooner I had got C. No sooner had I got D. No had I got sooner
3. Did you think -------------- here before?
A. she has come B. has she come C. she had come D. had she come
4. Tom was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
A. Not only Tom was late, but he had left all his books behind.
B. Not only had Tom left all his books behind, but he was late.
C. Not only was Tom late, but he had left all his books behind.
D. Not was Tom only late, but he had left all his books behind.
5. Seldom -------------- exactly as illustrated.
A. the designs are reproduced B. did the designs reported
6. C. are the designs reproduced D. the designs did reported
7. He no longer plays in an orchestra.
A. No longer does he plays in an orchestra. B. No longer does he play in an orchestra
C. No longer does plays he in an orchestra. D. No longer he plays in an orchestra.
8. He would never be allowed to set foot in their house again.
A. Would never he be allowed to set foot in their house again.
B. Never again would he allowed to set foot in their house again.
C. He would never again be allowed to set foot in their house.
D. Never again would he be allowed to set foot in their house again.
E. Tag questions ( Caâu Hoûi Ñuoâi )
1. Caâu hoûi ñuoâi laø caâu hoûi ngaén ñöôïc theâm vaøo cuoái caâu traàn thuaät deå kieåm tra ñieàu gì ñoù coù ñuùng hay khoâng hoaëc ñeå yeâu caàu söï ñoàng yù.
2. Caâu khaúng ñònh  caâu hoûi ñuoâi phuû ñònh Ex: You live near here, don’t you?
Caâu phuû ñònh  caâu hoûi ñuoâi khaúng ñònh Ex: You didn’t lock the door, did you?
 Notes: I am late, aren’t I?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
You never say what you’re thinking, do you?
Everything can happen, can’t it?
Nobody would object, would they?
 Exercises: Choose the best answer
1. She’s finished the course, --------------?
A. isn’t she B. hasn’t she C. doesn’t she. D. didn’t she
2. Nobody was injured in the accident, --------------?
A. was there B. was he C. were they D. wasn't it
3. Jogging is good for our hearts, --------------?
A. aren’t we B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it D. isn’t it
4. The film wasn’t as good as you expected, --------------?
A. wasn’t it B. was it C. wasn’t the film D. was the film
5. The building used to be a library, --------------?
A. doesn’t it B. didn’t it C. isn’t it D. wasn’t it
II.Passive voice
*Formation: BE + PP (V3)



ACTIVE VOICE : SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
(Chuû ñoäng)


PASSIVE VOICE: SUBJECT + BE + V3 + BY OBJECT
(Bò ñoäng ) (1) (2) (3) (4)

Tense Active Passive
1. Present Simple:
2. Past Simple:
3. Present Cont:
4. Past Cont:
5. Present Perfect:
6. Past Perfect:
7. Simple future:
8. Future Perfect:
8. Modals (must,can , used to)
9. Be going to + V V(s/es)
V-ed / V2
Am /is/ are + V-ing
Was/ were + V-ing
Have / has + V3
Had + V3
Will + Vbare
Will + have + V3
Can + Vbare
Am/ is /are going to + Vbare Am /is /are + V3
Was/ were + V3
Am /is / are + being + V3
Was/ were + being + V3
Have / has + been + V3
Had + been + V3
Will + be + V3
Will + have + been + V3
Can + be +V3
Am /is /are going to + Be + V3

**Special forms:
1. Have s.o do sth / Get s.o to do sth  Have / Get sth done (V3) (by s.o)
Ex: I had my hair cut yesterday. I got my car repaired last week.
2. Verbs of opinion : say, believe, report, say, think, rumour….
Active: S1+ V1 + (that) + S2 + V2
Passive:
- It + is/was + P.P(V1) + (that) + S2 + V2
- S2 + is/ was P.P (V1) + to-inf (V2: present) / to have P.P (V2: past)
Ex: + People believe that John is a good manager.  It is believed that John is a good manager.
 John is believed to be a good manager.
+ They thought that the headmaster came here.  It was thought that the headmaster came here.
 The headmaster was thought to have come here.

 Notes: a. Caùc taân ngöõ : by him, by her,by someone, by them… trong caâu bò ñoäng thöôøng ñöôïc löôïc boû.
b. Traïng töø chæ nôi choán ñöùng tröôùc by+ O. Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian ñöùng sau by + O
 Exercises: Rewrite these sentences in the pasive form
1. People speak English here. 
2. Nguyen Du wrote Kieu’s story. 
3. Someone was cleaning the classroom when I came. 
4. She will send him a gift on his birthday. 
5. People believe that 13 is an unhappy number. 
6. This factory is producing more and more pollution. 
7. No one has signed the cheque. 
8. The manager had his secretary prepare the report. 
9. I am going to get Harry to repair my car. 
10. They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them. 
 Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. This word -------------- wrongly.
A. spells B. is spelt C. is spelling D. is spell
2. The story I’ve just read -------------- Jack London.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and -------------- .
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. my hair be cut D. cut my hair
4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should --------------.
A. be have called B. been called C. have been called D. be called
5. Something funny -------------- in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
6. We -------------- by a loud noise during the night.
A. were woken up B. are woken up C. were working up D. woke up
7. Some film stars -------------- difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
8. People say that some Americans are superficially friendly.
A. Some Americans are said as being superficially friendly.
B. Some Americans are said that they are superficially friendly.
C. People are said that some Americans are superficially friendly.
D. Some Americans are said to be superficially friendly.
9. I still can believe it. My bicycle -------------- last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D . stole
10. John -------------- last week.
A. had his house painted B. had painted his house C. had his father to paint D. had his house paint
11. It is believed that he is the richest man in the city.
A. He was believed to be the richest man in the city B. He is believed to be the richest man in the city
C. They believe that he is the richest man in the city. D. B and C are correct
12. I can’t go along here because the road --------------.
A. is preparing B. is prepared C. is being repaired D. repairs
13. “ -------------- about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?” - “Not yet”
A. Has been an announcement made B. Has an announcement made
C. Has an announcement been made D. Has been made an announcement
14. Do you get your heating -------------- every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
15. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy -------------- at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
16. Claude Jennings is said -------------- his memory.
A. to have been lost B. to be lost C. to have lost D. to lost
17. I might watch this programme. It -------------- very funny.
A. supposes to be B. is supposed being C. is supposed to be D. was supposed be
18. Today, many serious childhood diseases -------------- by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
III.Clauses and phrases:
* Notes: Khi bieán ñoåi töø meänh ñeà sang cuïm danh töø thöôøng gaëp caùc tröôøng hôïp sau:
 Noun + be + adj è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj + noun
 Pronoun + be +Adj è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Noun ( of the adj )
 Pronoun + Verb + (adv) è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun ( of the verb)
 Pronoun +Verb + (O) è V-ing ( same Subject)
 There be + Noun è The + Noun
*Clauses and phrases of reason:
Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V )
Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase )
*Clauses and phrases of concession:
Although/ Though/ Even though + Clause ( S+V )
In spite of/ Despite + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase )
 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences
1. He left school because his life was hard.  Because of
2. John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and mathedical work.
 Because
3. We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain.  Because
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
 Despite
5. In spite of the darkness, they continued to work.  Though
6. We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad.  Because of
7. The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it is polluted.  Because of
8. We all have received the best of everything because of our generous parents.
 Because
 Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. The boys were punished -------------- he made many mistakes.
A. in spite of B. because C. even though D. as if
2. -------------- the liberation of women, women can take part in social activities.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. While D. As
3. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking
C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking D. However we felt cold, we kept walking
4. She decided to leave her job in the company -------------- she could earn a lot of money there.
A. because B. although C. despite D. since
5. The children laughed a lot because of the funny story.
A. The children laughed because the story is funny.
B. The children laughed because of the story funny
C. The children laughed because it was funny.
D. The children laughed because the story was funny
6. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Although Bill took a taxi he can’t come to the concert on time.
7. The flight was delayed -------------- the fog.
A. in spite of B. because of C. though D. since