ÔN THI TN PHẦN 2

Grammar VIII: RELATIVE CLAUSES


A. Non-defining and defining relative clauses:
• Defining relative clauses:
Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
(coù theå thay theá who, whom, which baèng that)
• Non-defining relative clauses:
Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike.
(khoâng ñöôïc duøng that ñeå thay theá who, whom, which)

B. Relative pronouns with prepositions:
Ex: The song is interesting. We like to listen to it.
The song which we like to listen to is interesting.
The song to which we like to listen is interesting.
Form:
Prep + whom / which
(O)
(Giôùi töø khoâng ñöùng tröôùc THAT vaø WHO)



C. Omission of relative pronouns:
Ex: The man whom (that) you met yesterday is my uncle.
The man you met yesterday is my uncle.
The bicycle which (that) I have just bought is blue.
The bicycle I have just bought is blue.
Form:
whom / which + S + V
(O)
(whom / which làm túc từ thì có thể lược bỏ)



D. Reduced forms of relative clauses:

KINDS REDUCED FORMS EXAMPLES
Chủ động V-ing The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.

Bị động V3, ed The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

Số thứ tự To V Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

(mệnh đề quan hệ mà danh từ đi trước có the next, the last, the only, superlatives thì rút gọn như ở trường hợp 3.)


@ NOTES:
• Dùng dấu phẩy trong trường hợp danh từ đi trước có: this, that, these, those (this girl); my, his … (his car); tên riêng (Mary), vật duy nhất (the telephone, the earth …)
• Không được dùng that, không lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ:
o Sau giới từ
o Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có dấu phẩy.
• Dùng that khi danh từ đi trước là:
o Người + vật (the man and his dog)
o So sánh nhất (the best, the tallest, the most beautiful …)
o Everything, something, anything, nothing, all, none, very, only, little, few, much
(the very / only person)

E. CLEFT SENTENCES & CLEFT SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE
The boy hit the dog in the garden.
It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden. (Cleft sentence)
It was the dog that was hit in the garden by the boy. (Cleft sentence in the passive)
Form
CLEFT SENTENCES FORMS
Active It is / was ……… that + (S) + V
Passive It is / was ……… that + be V3, ed
















Grammar IX: CLAUSES & PHRASES OF REASON & CONCESSION

REASON (lí do) MAIN CLAUSE
Clause Because /since / as + S + V, S + V
Phrase Because of + N (phrase) / Gerund (phrase),
CONCESSION ( Mặc dù, cho dù)
Clause Although/ though / even though + S + V,
Phrase In spite of / despite + N (phrase) / Gerund (phrase),
Ex:
Although it rained heavily, he went to school on time.
In spite of the heavy rain, he went to school on time.
Ex:
Because he was lazy, he failed the exam.
Because of his laziness, he failed the exam.

Grammar X: TAG QUESTIONS
• Example:
It's a beautiful day, isn't it?
You speak English, don't you?
Ann can't swim, can she?
• Notes:
1. I'm late, aren't I?
2. Let's go, shall we?
3. Someone had recognized him, hadn't they?
4. Something is wrong with Jane today, isn’t it?
5. There aren’t any problems, are there?
6. That is her umbrella, isn’t it?

Grammar XI: USE / USED TO / BE USED TO

FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
Use + O + to V dùng, sử dụng People use money to buy food.
Be used + to V được dùng để (dạng bị động) Money is used to buy food.
Used to + Vo đã từng (thói quen trong qk) He used to smoke.
Be used to + V-ing
Get used to + V-ing quen với He is used to getting up early.
Grammar XII: CONJUNCTIONS

FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
1 Both + S1 + and + S2 + Vplural cả hai - Both Tom and Ann were late.
2 Either + S1 + or + S2 + V (S2) hoặc … hoặc - Either he or I am wrong.
- I think she's either Russian or Polish.
3 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (S2) không … không - Neither he nor I am happy.
- I am neither rich nor poor.
4 Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V (S2) không những …mà còn - Robert is not only talented but also handsome.


Grammar XIII: CONNECTORS
CONNECTORS MEANINGS FORMS POSITIONS
SO vì vậy (biểu thị kết quả tác động của vế thứ nhất)

(Tom was too angry, so he left without saying anything) Liên từ này đứng trước vế thứ 2 trong 1 câu ghép.
BUT nhưng (biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngược với vế thứ nhất)

(I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed)
THEREFORE vì vậy (biểu thị kết quả của hành động trong câu trước đó)


He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam.
He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam. - Liên từ này đứng đầu 1 câu, ngăn cách với vế câu đi sau bằng dấu phẩy.
- Ngoài ra, nó có thể là từ nối giữa 2 vế câu trong 1 câu phức. Trong trường hợp này, nó sẽ đi sau dấu chấm phẩy và đứng trước dấu phẩy.
HOWEVER tuy nhiên (biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngược với ý nghĩa trước đó)



Studying E is not easy. However, it is benificial.
Studying E is not easy; however, it is benificial.

Grammar XIV: ARTICLES


ARTICLES USES EXAMPLES
A or AN - When we are referring to one thing but it is not one in particular.
- When we refer to something for the first time.
- In expressions for price, speed… - I’d like a banana.

- There’s a man at the door.

- $2 a kilo, three times a day.
THE
- When we are referring to a specific thing or things.
- When we refer to something for the second time.
- When there is only one.
- Before some collective nouns referring to a whole group of people.
- Before some adjectives to refer to the group in general.
- Before supelatives and ordinals.
- Before names of musical instruments when we talk about playing them.
- Before names of seas, rivers, ships, newspapers, magazines, musical groups and a few names of countries. - I’ll wear the dress I bought last week.

- There’s a man at the door. I think the man is from the garage.
- The world, the sun…
- The British, the police, the army, the government…

- The poor, the unemployed…

- The best film, the first time
- Can you play the piano?


- The Atlantic Ocean, the United States,
the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
the Philippines.

ZERO ARTICLE - With meals.
- With sports.
- With holidays.
- With school, class, college, university, home, work, church, bed, hospital for their normal use.
- With By + item of transport. - breakfast, lunch, dinner.
- football, volleyball.
- Christmas, Thanksgiving.
- She goes to school every day except Sunday.

- Did you go by train?


Grammar XV: MODAL VERBS

I. Modal Infinitive:


MODALS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
1 Can = be able to có thể (diễn tả 1 khả năng) - He can speak English fluently.
2 Must = have to phải (có nghĩa bắt buộc) - Young people must obey their parents.
Must ắt hẳn (tiên đoán 1 sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại, có sơ sở) - He has been working very hard.
He must be tired.
3
May / might: có lẽ, có thể (suy đoán gần đúng hoặc hành động có thể xảy ra trong tương lai.) - He may be in his office.
- The weather forecast is not very good.
It might rain this afternoon.
suy đoán sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại, không có cơ sở. - He may go out. I am not sure.

May diễn tả 1 sự xin phép
- May I go out?


II. Modal Continuous:


Ex: Jane isn’t here. She might be cooking in the kitchen, I suppose.


III. Modal Perfect:


MODALS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
1 Could have V3 / ed rất có thể đã (diễn tả 1 khả năng trong quá khứ, nhưng chưa được dùng tới) - He couldn’t have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
2 Can’t have V3 / ed có lẽ đã không (diễn tả 1 sự suy đoán không chắc chắn về 1 sự kiện ở QK) - Theresa walked past me without saying a word. She can’t have seen me.
3 Should have V3 / ed lẽ ra nên (diễn tả 1 lời khiển trách đối với 1 hành động QK lẽ ra nên làm mà đã không làm) - Once Helen failed in her exam. She played too much. She shouldn't have played too much.
4 Must have V3 / ed ắt hẳn đã (diễn tả 1 sự suy đoán gần đúng về 1 sự kiện ở quá khứ) - The yard is wet. It must have rained last night.
5 May / might have V3 / ed có thể, có lẽ (diễn tả những gì có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ) - Micheal didn’t come to class yesterday. He may have had an accident.
Grammar XVI: COMPARISONS

Adjs or advs POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Short AS + adj + AS
NOT SO / AS + adj + AS Adj - ER + THAN THE + adj - EST
Long MORE + adj + THAN THE MOST + adj

Ex: 1. He is as tall as his father.
John sings as well as his sister.
His job is not so difficult as mine.
2. Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
3. John is the tallest boy in the family.
These shoes are the most expensive of all.

@ Double comparatives:
FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
1. The + comparative + S + V,
the + comparative + S + V Caøng … caøng The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
2. Short adj - ER and short adj - ER
MORE and MORE + long adj Caøng ngaøy caøng Betty is younger and younger
The food is more and more expensive

@ Notes:
Adj & adv Comparative Superlative
Good/ well
Bad/ badly
Many/ much
Little
Far better
worse
more
less
farther / further the best
the worst
the most
the least
the farthest / the furthest
Ex: She studies (well) than her friend.
She studies better than her friend.
• Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là -y, -et, -er, -le, -ow
Ex: happy, quiet, clever, gentle, narrow
happier quieter cleverer gentler narrower

• Ta dùng more với các trạng từ tận cùng là –ly (trừ early)

Ex: more slowly, more fluently, more quickly ...
Grammar XVII: PREPOSITIONS

I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
• On
On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day
On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet
• In
In April / 1980
In summer / spring / autumn / winter
In five minutes / a few days / two years
In the morning / afternoon / evening
• At
At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas
At the end of ... / at the age of
• From...to...
From 1977 to 1985
• Since
Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock
• For
For three days / a long time / one hour.

II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
• On
On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone
• In
In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car
In the middle of...
• At
At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match
At 10 Pasteur Street
• By
By car / bus / plane (on foot)
By accident / chance
• For
For a walk / a swim / a drink
For breakfast / lunch / dinner
III. VERB + NOUN + PREP:
- give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua
- give place to : nhường chỗ cho
- lose sight of : mất hút, không nhìn thấy nữa
- lose track of : mất dấu vết
- lose touch with: mất liên lạc với
- make allowance for: xét đến, chiếu cố
- make use of : dùng, tận dụng
- make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo
- make room for : dọn chỗ cho
- make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm về - catch sight of : thoáng thấy
- keep pace with : theo kịp
- pay attention to : chú ý đến
- put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt
- set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa
- take advantage of : lợi dụng
- take care of : chăm sóc
- take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới
- take note of : lưu ý đến
- take notice of : chú ý thấy, nhận thấy
IV. VERB + PREP:

1. VERB + TO
- apologize to sb for sth
- belong to
- complain to sb about sb / sth
- happen to
- introduce to
- listen to
- speak / talk to sb
- write to
- prefer ... to ...
- explain ... to ...
- invite ... to ... 2. VERB + FOR
- apply for
- care for
- pay for
- look for
- wait for
- blame ... for
- leave ... for
- search ... for
- ask ... for
3. VERB + ABOUT
- care about
- dream about sb / sth
- think about
- hear about: be told about
- warn ... about

4. VERB + ON
- concentrate on / focus on
- depend on / rely on
- live on
- congratulate ... on
- spend ... on 5. VERB + OF
- consist of
- die of
- take care of
- accuse ... of
- remind ... of 6. VERB + AT
- laugh at / smile at
- shout at
- look at / stare at / glance at
- point at / aim at

7. VERB + IN
- succeed in
- arrive in / at 8. VERB + WITH
- provide ... with
- charge ... with 9. VERB + FROM
- suffer ... from / borrow ... from
- save / protect / prevent ... from

V. ADJECTIVE + PREP:
1. ADJ + TO
- accustomed to
- addicted to
- harmful to
- similar to / agreeable to 2. ADJ + FOR
- available for
- responsible for
- famous for
- late for 3. ADJ + ABOUT
- angry about
- anxious about
- worried about
- excited about
4. ADJ + ON
- keen on
- dependent on
5. ADJ + OF
- afraid of / full of
- aware of / tired of
- ashamed of
- capable of 6. ADJ + AT
- surprised at
- quick at
- bad / good at
- brilliant at
7. ADJ + IN
- confident in
- successful in
- interested in
- rich in 8. ADJ + WITH
- equipped with
- bored with
- busy with
- acquainted with 9. ADJ + FROM
- different from
- absent from
- safe from


Grammar XVIII: PHRASAL VERBS
1- apply to sb for sth: nộp đơn đến. . . xin. . .
2- ask out: ask sb to go on a date
- ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai cái gì
3- arrive in: đến (country, city, town)
- arrive at: đến (other places)
4- call on: ask to speak in class
- call back: return a telephone call
- call off: cancel
- call up: make a telephone call
5- drop in:visit without calling first or an invitation
- drop out (of): stop attending a school
6- fill in : điền vào ( mẫu đơn)
- fill out: write information in a form
- fill up: fill completely with gas, water. . .
7- get along (with): have a good relationship with
- get in: enter a car/ taxi. . .
- get off: leave a bus/ train. . .
- get on: enter a bus/ train . . .
- get out (of): leave a car/ taxi. . .
- get over : recover from: bình phục
- get through (with): finish
- get up: thức dậy, đánh thức ai dậy
8- give up: get rid of: ngưng, từ bỏ
- give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua
- give back: return sth to sb
9- go after: run after: đuổi theo
- go ahead: be carried out: thực hiện, tiến hành
- go along: develop, progress: phát triển, tiến triển
- go away: đi khỏi, đi xa nhà
- go back: return: trở lại
- go in: enter a room/ house: bước vào phòng/ nhà
- go off: explode, be fired: nổ, bắn (súng)
- go on: continue : tiếp tục
- go out: stop burning: tắt
- go over: look at sth carefully: xem xét kỹ
- go up # go down: tăng # giảm giá
10.hand in: give homework, test .. to a teacher
- hand out:give sth to this person then that person.
11.look after: take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom
- look for: search for: tìm kiếm
- look out (for): be careful: để ý cẩn thận
- look sth up: tra cứu
- look forward to: mong đợi, mong mỏi
12.put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc (quần áo), đội
- put off: postpone, delay 13- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi
- throw away: discard
- throw sth to sb: chuyền
14- take after: resemble: trông giống như
- take off: cất cánh, cởi ra
15- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ..), shut off
- turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . )
- turn round: quay lại
- turn up: arrive: đến, xuất hiện. vặn lớn (volume)
- turn down: decrease the volume: vặn nhỏ
16- catch up (with) đuổi kịp, bắt kịp
17- cool off: nguội lạnh đi, giảm đi (nhiệt tình)
18- cross out: draw a line through
19- discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about sth
20- explain sth to sb: giải thích
21- fall behind: bị tụt đằng sau
22- find out: discover information
23- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn
24- grow up: become an adult: trưởng thành, lớn lên
25- hang up: hang on a hanger
26- hold up: delay, postpone: làm trở ngại
27- hurry up: làm nhanh
28- invite sb to/ for sth: mời
29- keep up: giữ vững duy trì, tiếp tục
- keep on: continue
30- laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo
31- leave out: omit
- leave somewhere for. . .: rời
32- lie down: nằm xuống (để nghỉ ngơi)
33- make up: invent a story:bịa ra
34- pick up: lift: nhặt, hái, đón ai
35- pay back: return money to sb: trả tiền cho ai
36- point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ
37- run into: meet by chance: gặp tình cờ
38- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm
39- speak up: nói to lên
- speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói
40- stay on: lưu lại thêm một thời gian nữa
41- talk to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, thảo luận
42- try out : test : thử nghiệm
43- wait up: thức chờ ai
- wait for: chờ đợi
44- wash up: wash the dishes: rửa chén
45- watch out (for): be careful
46- write to sb: viết thư gởi ai
SOME STRUCTURES
1. Quaù neân khoâng theå




Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

2. Ñuû ñeå



Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car.

3. Ñeán noãi maø



Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it.
It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it.

S + V + so + many / few + Nđđsn + that + S + V
S + V + so + much / little + Nkđđ + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nđđ số ít + that + S + V

Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.
It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
(= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.)

4.





Ex: Learning English is difficult.
It is difficult to learn English.
I find it difficult to learn English.

5. Maát bao laâu ñeå laøm gì





Ex: It took her fifteen minutes to clean the floor.
She spent fifteen minutes cleaning the floor.
6. Ñeå maø


to V
S + V + in order + to V
so as + to V
S + V + so that + S + V
in order that

Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam.
I try to study so that I can pass the exam.

7.
S + began / started + to V / V-ing ...

S + has / have been + V-ing + since / for...
It’s + time (khoảng thời gian) + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: My mother began cooking for the party an hour ago.
My mother has been cooking for the party for an hour.
It’s an hour since my mother cooked for the party.

8.
S + V (present perfect) … + time

It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed


Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month.
It is one month since I last saw my father.

9.
S + have / has not + V 3/ed

It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before.
It’s the first time I have seen that man here.

10.
S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for)

S + last + V (past) … when …
The last time + clause + was …

Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.
The last time I heard him was in August.
I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
I last saw him when I was a student.


WORD FORMS


PARTS OF SPEECH FORMS EXAMPLES POSITIONS
(FUNCTIONS) EXAMPLES
NOUNS - ion / ation
- ment
- er / or
- ist / ian
- ity
- ness
- ce
- th - prevention, conservation
- employment, development
- singer, actor
- artist, musician
- possibility, nationality
- happiness, sadness
- importance, difference
- death, warmth, width - Làm S

- Làm O


- Sau his, her, my…
- Sau giới từ
(The N of N)
- A/ an/ the/ many/ a lot of ... + (adj) N - Prevention is better than cure.
- Hard work always brings happiness and success.
- His success

- The bad effects of pollution

- A teacher

VERBS - en / en-
- ize
- fy - endanger, enrich, widen
- modernize, industrialize
- beautify, diversify - Sau S - They have widened this road.
ADJECTIVES - ful
- less
- ous
- able
- ive
- al - harmful, useful, careful
- useless, careless, hopeless
- dangerous, famous
- comfortable, valuable
- attractive, active
- industrial, natural, national - Sau BE
- Sau get, seem
look, sound
become, feel
- Trước danh từ
adj + N - She is careful
- He becomes famous


- A beautiful girl

ADVERBS - ly
- Một số trạng từ đặc biệt - carefully, beautifully
- good  well
late  late
hard  hard
early  early
fast  fast - Sau V thường
(hoặc trước Vthường)


- Trước tính từ
Adv + adj - He drives carefully.
- He angrily denied breaking that vase.

- This exercise is extremely difficult.

PHONETICS
A. SOUNDS
HOW TO PRONOUNCE “-ED”:
/ id / / t / / d /
t, d ch, p, k, sh, s, f, x
( t , p, k, , s, f )
………
wanted, decided stopped, kicked, laughed, missed, watched, washed, fixed loved, delivered

HOW TO PRONOUNCE “-S”, “-ES”:
/ iz / / s / / z /
ce, ge, ch, x, sh, s, z
( ks, s, z, dz, t , )
p, t, k, f, gh, th
( p, t, k, f, O ) ………
boxes , misses , quizzes , practices changes , watches , washes lamps , laughs , books , sits , months teachers , studies , explains schools

B. STRESS

STRESS SYLLABLES EXAMPLES
1. Trọng âm rơi vào các hậu tố
- ee
- eer
- ese
- ain
- aire
- ique - degree, referee
- engineer, pioneer
- Vietnamese, Japanese
- contain, remain
- millionaire, questionaire
- technique, unique
2. Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước các hậu tố - tion
- sion
- ic
- ical
- ian
- ity
- itive
- logy / graphy - protection, condition
- decision, impression
- economic, scientific
- political, electrical
- musician, politician
- necessity, ability
- sensitive, competitive
- psychology, geography
3. Thường thì gốc từ mang trọng âm khi thêm một số tiền tố và hậu tố, trọng âm ko đổi - Tiền tố: un, im, in, ir, dis, non, en, re, over, under
- Hậu tố : ful, less, able, al, ous, ly, er, ize, en, ment, ness, ship, hood - danger / dangerous / endanger

- happy / happiness




















SPEAKING

@ WH - QUESTIONS:

INTERROGATIVE WORDS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
What … for? - hỏi mục đích - What do you study English for?
o To get a good job.
What + be + like? - như thế nào - What is the weather like?
o It’s sunny.
What + … + look like? - hỏi ngoại hình - What does he look like?
o He’s tall and thin with blue eyes.
What time / color / kind...? - hỏi giờ, màu sắc, loại - What time is it?
o It’s 7 o’clock.
Which…? - lựa chọn - Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
o Coffee.
How…? - như thế nào / phương tiện / cách thức - How do you go to school?
o By bicycle.
How much / many …?

How old …?

How far…?

How long…?

How often…?
- bao nhiêu

- bao nhiêu tuổi

- bao xa

- bao lâu

- thường xuyên - How many people are there in your family?
o Four people.
- How old are you?
o I’m 18 years old.
- How far is it from here to the post office?
o Two kilometres.
- How long does it take you to go to school?
o 25 minutes.
- How often do you go shopping?
o Twice a month.
Why…? - tại sao - Why do you study English?
o Because I want to get a good job in the future.
When…? - khi nào - When were you born?
o In 1993.
Where…? - ở đâu - Where do you live?
o In Long Xuyen.
@ QUESTIONS & RESPONSES:

TOPICS QUESTIONS / EXPRESSIONS RESPONSES
1. Giới thiệu
và chào hỏi - Nice / Glad to meet you.
- How do you do? - Nice / Glad to meet you, too.
- How do you do?
2. Xin phép - May I go out? - Sure.
- Of course.
3. Yêu cầu - Could you bring me some water?
- Would you mind helping me? - Sure / Of course.
- No problem.
4. Mời và đề nghị - Would you like to go for a walk?
- How about going to the cinema?
- Let’s go to the cinema.
- Why don’t we go to the cinema? - Yes, I’d love to.
- That sounds great!
- OK. Let’s do that.
- That’s a good idea.
5. Lời khen - What a beautiful dress you’ve got!
- How nice your house is! - I’m glad you like it.
- Thank you for your saying so.
- That’s a nice compliment.
- It’s very kind of you to say so.
6. Lời chúc - Happy New Year! - The same to you.
- You too.
7. Cảm ơn - That was nice of you. Thank you.
- Thank you for helping me.
- It’s my pleasure (to help).
- Not at all. / You’re welcome.
- Don’t mention it. / Forget it.
- That’s OK / alright.
8. Xin lỗi - I’m terribly sorry about…
- I’d like to apologize for… - You don’t need to apologize.
- Don’t worry about it.
- No problem / Forget it/ It’s OK.
9. Báo tin - I’m having an English test tomorrow. - Good luck!
- Good news:
o I’ve passed the final exam! - Fantastic / That’s great!
- Congratulations!
- I’m glad to hear that.
- Bad news:
o I have lost the job for two weeks.
- I’m sorry to hear that.


INDEX


1. Grammar I TENSES 2
2. Grammar II SUBJECT & VERB AGREEMENT 5

3. Grammar III THE USES OF VERBS 6

4. Grammar IV INVERSION 8

5. Grammar V REPORTED SPEECH 9

6. Grammar VI PASSIVE VOICE 12
7. Grammar VII CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 14

8. Grammar VIII RELATIVE CLAUSES 16

9. Grammar IX CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON
& CONCESSION 18

10. Grammar X TAG QUESTIONS 18

11. Grammar XI USE / USED TO / BE USED TO 18

12. Grammar XII CONJUNCTIONS 19

13. Grammar XIII CONNECTORS 19

14. Grammar XIV ARTICLES 20

15. Grammar XV MODAL VERBS 21

16. Grammar XVI COMPARISONS 22

17. Grammar XVII PREPOSITIONS 23

18. Grammar XVIII PHRASAL VERBS 25

19. SOME STRUCTURES 26

20. WORD FORM 28

21. PHONETICS 29

22. SPEAKING 31